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The Birth and Baptism of Joseph Charles Gédéon Patenaude – 1872
Born two years after Marie Zénaí¯de Zite Patenaude, Joseph Charles Gédéon Patenaude was born in 1872. His record is designated as B.28, near the top of this page, the front of folio seven.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Joseph Charles Gédéon Patenaude – 1872
SOURCE: Ancestry.com. Québec Vital Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1967 [database on-line]. Original data: Gabriel Drouin, comp. Drouin Collection. Montreal, Québec, Canada: Institut Généalogique Drouin. Birth and Baptismal Record of Joseph Charles Gédéon Patenaude, Mission of St. Herménégilde, Coaticook, Québec, Canada, 1872. Front of Folio 7, B.28.
Click on the link for a PDFÂ copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Joseph Charles Gédéon Patenaude – 1872. Translated from the French, the record states:
B.28 [baptism #28]
Patenaude
Jos.Chs.GédéonOn the tenth of March one thousand eight hundred seventy two, we, the undersigned parish priest, baptized Joseph Charles Gédéon, born on the second day of the current month, of the legitimate marriage of Charles Patenaude, farmer, and Osithe Gamache of Saint Herménégilde. Godfather, [Eani?] Dupont, farmer, godmother, Marie Edí¨se Mailloux [denoulair?] who do not know how to sign.
[signed] [M.Handry?], Priest
There were a few words I couldn’t decipher in this record. In particular, I couldn’t read the first name of the Godfather, and one word after the Godmother’s name. Nonetheless, I was able to transcribe and translate the most important parts of this record.
Based on information in both this record and in the record for Marie Zénaí¯de Zite Patenaude, I think both children may have been baptized in the Mission of Saint Herménégilde, rather than the Mission of Saint Edmond, but it’s hard to tell. Apparently, the records of several missions are reported together in the same fonds. I’ll have to look into this in more detail.
One point about the names of children of French origin that I didn’t really understand before today is that many children were given the honorific names Marie and Joseph. Generally, they used the second name as their given name. Thus, Marie Zénaí¯de Zite Patenaude went by the name Zénaí¯de, and Joseph Charles Gédéon probably went by Charles.
One final interesting note: someone in Québec has blogged about my blog. You can read the entry (in French) at Bloguevision. í‰tonnant, non?
Posted in Daily Journal, Patenaude
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The Birth and Baptism of Marie-Zenaide-Zite Patenaude – 1870
My uncle, John Danko, married Alice Charron. The two were my Godparents. Alice’s mother was Marie-Zénaí¯de-Zite Patenaude, who was born in Coaticook, Québec, Canada in 1870, and was baptized in either the Mission of St. Edmond or the Mission of St. Herménégilde in Coatacook. Her Birth and Baptismal Record is the third record on this page, designated as B.68.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Marie-Zenaide-Zite Patenaude -1870
SOURCE: Ancestry.com. Quebec Vital Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1967 [database on-line]. Original data: Gabriel Drouin, comp. Drouin Collection. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Institut Généalogique Drouin. Birth and Baptismal Record of Marie-Zenaide-Zite Patenaude, Mission of St. Edmond, Coaticook, Quebec, Canada, 1870. Back of Folio 12, B.68.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Marie-Zenaide-Zite Patenaude -1870. The record, translated from French, states:
B.68 [baptism #68]
M.Z.Z. Patenaude.On the ninth of July one thousand eight hundred seventy, we, the parish priest whose name is signed below, baptized Marie-Zénaí¯de-Zite, daughter born on the twelfth day of June last, of the legitimate marriage of Charles Patenaude, farmer, and Osithe Gamache of Saint Herménégilde. Godfather, Octave Blain, laborer, godmother, Adeline Gamache, who don’t know how to sign. The father has signed with us.
[signed] C Patenaude
[I.A. Dufresne ??]
This is the first French Canadian record I’ve found, and the first record I’ve translated from the French. Years ago, I had purchased a copy of:
Geyh, Patricia Keeney. 2002. French Canadian sources: a guide for genealogists. Orem, Utah: Ancestry Pub.
Luckily, I had this book around when I found Marie-Zénaí¯de-Zite Patenaude’s Birth and Baptismal Record today. Page 147 shows an image, transcription, and translation nearly identical in format to the record I found.
So, even though I can’t speak more than a dozen words of French, with the help of this book I was able to translate this record.
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The Death and Burial of Sarah Waters Gibson – 1890
Sarah Waters, the wife of John Gibson, died on 02 Jan 1890 and was buried on 04 Jan 1890. She was 85 years old at the time of her death.
The Death and Burial Record of Sarah Waters Gibson -1890
SOURCE: John W. Clipsham, Minister of the Clarenceville Council of the Methodist Church, Missisiquoi, Quebec, Canada. Register of the Acts of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials for 1890. Sarah Waters Gibson Death and Burial. Ancestry.com. Quebec Vital Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1967 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Death and Burial Record of Sarah Waters Gibson -1890. The record states:
folio two J.C. ccc
Burial Gibson Jan. 4th 1890
Sarah Waters, widow of the late
John Gibson, in his lifetime of the
Parish of Saint George of Clarenceville,
farmer, died on the second day of
January, one thousand eight hundred
and ninety, aged eighty-five years,
and was buried on the fourth day
of the same month and year in
presence of subscribing witnesses by
me.[Signed] John W. Clipsham.
MinisterWitnesses
Nelson S. Gibson
Mary C. Gibson
The minister, John W. Clipsham, was described at the front of the folios:
…Reverend J.W. Clipsham of the Clarenceville Council of the Methodist Church in the County of Missisquoi in the District of Bedford in the Province of Quebec…
Sarah’s Death and Burial Record states that she was a widow. Since she was enumerated in the 1871 census with her husband, then her husband, John Gibson, died between 1871 and 1890.
I don’t know who the witnesses, Nelson D. Gibson and Mary C. Gibson, were. I assume they were relatives, but I don’t know that for certain.
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The Birth and Baptism of Clark Gibson – 1823 and 1867
Clark Gibson, the son of John Gibson and Sarah Waters, was born in 1823 and baptized in 1867. His baptism is recorded in the folios of John Armstrong, a minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Congregations of the circuit of Saint Armand in Canada East, just weeks before the confederation of Canada.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Clark Gibson – 1823 and 1867
SOURCE: John Armstrong, Minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Congregations of the Circuit of Saint Armand, Quebec, Canada. Register of the Acts of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials for 1867. Clark Gibson, Baptism. Microfilm, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Clark Gibson – 1823 and 1867. The record states:
Baptism of Clark Gibson
Clark son of John Gibson of the parish of
St. George District of Bedford farmer and
of Sarah his wife was born on the eleventh of
October one thousand eight hundred and
twenty three and was baptized on the thirteenth
day of June one thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty seven in the presence of
the subscribing witnesses by me[Signed] J. Armstrong
Minister[Signed] [JÂ W Saxton?]
[Signed] Lynda Smith
Clark was born in Lower Canada in 1823. In the 1861 Census of Canada East, the religion of the family of Clark Gibson was “none”.
Clark was baptized in Canada East by John Armstrong, a circuit rider for the Wesleyan Methodist Congregations of the circuit of Saint Armand. This implies that there was no permanent Wesleyan Methodist minister assigned to a church in the area.
There is no indication why Clark Gibson finally decided to be baptized in 1867.
I copied this record many years ago and, unfortunately, I didn’t write down a complete source description to indicate where I found the record. According to my notes, I found this record on microfilm at the New England Historic Genealogical Society in Boston, but I did not indicate the microfilm number.
The Family History Library in Salt Lake City also holds a microfilm copy of this record; although I am not sure which film number contains this record . Ancestry.com has recently posted an image of this record online with the following source description:
Ancestry.com. Quebec Vital Records (Drouin Collection), 1621-1967 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007. Original data: Gabriel Drouin, comp. Drouin Collection. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Institut Généalogique Drouin.
The image of this record on Ancestry.com is apparently from a different filming of these records, because the Ancestry.com images are of lesser quality than the one I’ve posted here, and the eraser end of the pencil in the image above is missing from the Ancestry.com image.
I’m not sure of the name of the first witness. The signature looks like it could be J. W. Saxton, but I’m not certain of this.
Posted in Daily Journal, Gibson
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The Family of Clark Gibson in the 1871 Census of Canada
Clark Gibson, the son of John Gibson and Sarah Waters, was enumerated in the 1871 Census of Canada in the Village of Philipsburg, not far from where John and Sarah were enumerated.
Clark Gibson Family in the 1871 Census of Canada – Page 10
SOURCE: Clark Gibson Household, 1871 Canada Census (Province of Québec), Village of Philipsburg, Missisquoi County, page 10, lines 16-20. National Archives of Canada Film C-10070 Nominal. Microfilm FHL US/CAN Census Area 0493463, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
Clark Gibson Family in the 1871 Census of Canada – Page 11
SOURCE: Clark Gibson Household, 1871 Canada Census (Province of Québec), Village of Philipsburg, Missisquoi County, page 11, lines 1-3. National Archives of Canada Film C-10070 Nominal. Microfilm FHL US/CAN Census Area 0493463, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Clark Gibson Family in the 1871 Census of Canada. The family is listed on pages 10 and 11, and includes six children.
Census of 1871
Province of Quebec
District No. 125 Missisquoi
Sub-District d, Village of Philipsburg
Schedule No. 1 – Nominal Return of the LivingPage 10
Line 16, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: Gibson, Clark
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 45
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin:AmericanEnglish
Profession, Occupation or Trade: Blacksmith
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 16, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Maryette
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 35
Country or Province of Birth: United States
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 16, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Willard
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 18
Country or Province of Birth: “” [United States]
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 16, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Hannah
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 16
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 16, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Emily
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 14
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Page 11
Line 1, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: Gibson, Addie
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 11
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin:AmericanEnglish
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 2, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Arnold
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 8
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 3, Dwelling 45, Family 45
Name: ” [Gibson], Martha
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 38
Country or Province of Birth: Q[uebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [AmericanEnglish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –
Clark and Margaret Gibson and their son Arnold are the direct ancestors of my Gibson relatives.
This census record clearly answers a question I had about the ages of Addie and Arnold. Addie is clearly Arnold’s older sister.
The entry in column 17 of these records shows that Emily, Addie, and Arnold are all attending school.
Although both of John’s parents were listed as Irish, Clark and his family are listed as American English.
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The Families of John Gibson and William Gibson in the 1871 Census of Canada
While at the Family History Library recently, one of my goals was to obtain additional records of the Gibson family in the Canadian Census. I had previously presented the records from the 1851 Census and the 1861 Census. The records below show the families of John Gibson and William Gibson in the 1871 Census of Canada.
Gibson Families in the 1871 Census of Canada – Page 46
SOURCE: John Gibson and William Gibson Households, 1871 Canada East Census (Québec), Parish of St. Georges de Clarenceville, Missisquoi County, page 46, lines 18-20. National Archives of Canada Film C-10070 Nominal. Microfilm FHL US/CAN Census Area 0493463, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
Gibson Families in the 1871 Census of Canada – Page 47
SOURCE: John Gibson and William Gibson Households, 1871 Canada East Census (Québec), Parish of St. Georges de Clarenceville, Missisquoi County, page 47, lines 1-5 National Archives of Canada Film C-10070 Nominal. Microfilm FHL US/CAN Census Area 0493463, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
The images are difficult to read, but most of the information can be deciphered.
Census of 1871
Province of Quebec
District No. 125 Missisquoi
Sub-District b, Parish of St. George de Clarenceville
Schedule No. 1 – Nominal Return of the LivingPage 46
Line 18, Dwelling 172, Family 178
Name: Gibson, John
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 70
Country or Province of Birth: United States
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: Irish
Profession, Occupation or Trade: Farmer
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 19, Dwelling 172, Family 178
Name: ” [Gibson], Sarah
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 54
Country or Province of Birth: ” [United States]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 20, Dwelling 172, Family 178
Name: ” [Gibson], James
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 34
Country or Province of Birth: Quebec
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Page 47Â
Line 1, Dwelling 172, Family 178
Name: Gibson, George
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 21
Country or Province of Birth: Quebec
Religion: W. Methodist
Origin: Irish
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 2, Dwelling 173, Family 179
Name: Gibson, William
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 34
Country or Province of Birth: ” [Quebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 3, Dwelling 173, Family 179
Name: ” [Gibson], Margaret
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 38
Country or Province of Birth: ” [Quebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: M[arried]Line 4, Dwelling 173, Family 179
Name: ” [Gibson], [Sothemon?]
Sex: M[ale]
Age: 8
Country or Province of Birth: ” [Quebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –Line 5, Dwelling 173, Family 179
Name: ” [Gibson], Carrie
Sex: F[emale]
Age: 6
Country or Province of Birth: ” [Quebec]
Religion: ” [W. Methodist]
Origin: ” [Irish]
Profession, Occupation or Trade: –
Married or Widowed: –
I had previously discovered that John Gibson (born about 1800) and Sarah Waters (born about 1804) had six children: Clark (born in 1823), James (born in about 1830), Martha (born in about 1833), William (born in about 1836), Sarah (born in about 1841), and George (born in about 1849).
John, Sarah, James, William, and George are mentioned in this record. Their ages in this record agree with the information I previously found, except for Sarah (who should be about 67 in this record, but is reported as 54) and James (who should be about 41, but is listed as 34).
Clark had previously married and was enumerated on another page. William is enumerated with his spouse and children immediately after John’s family. I don’t know where Martha and Sarah were in 1871, but it is likely they were married and enumerated with their spouses.
I was unable to read the first name of William’s son. While in the Family History Library, I asked some of the staff if they could read the name, but none of us could tell what the name should be.
I didn’t realize at the time, but the Family History Library has microfilm copies of the other schedules of the 1871 Census, including the Agricultural Schedule. I’ll have to look up the Agricultural Schedule the next time I’m in Salt Lake City.
Posted in Daily Journal, Gibson
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The Birth and Baptism of Maryanna Izbicki
Maryanna Izbicki, the sister of Franciszek Izbicki, was born a few years before Franciszek, in 1821.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Maryanna Izbicki – 1821
SOURCE: Roman Catholic Parish of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in Wigry, Poland. Księga Urodzonych (Book of Births). 1821. Page 40. Entry Number 79. FHL INTL Film 0752637, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Text in Polish, translated by Stephen J. Danko.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Maryanna Izbicki – 1821. Translated from the Polish, the record states:
40 Number 79. Wieś Nowa
In the year one thousand eight hundred twenty-one on the fourth day of the month of July at four o’clock in the afternoon, before us, the Civil Registrar of the Wigierski gmina [township] in the obwód [district] and województwo [province] of Augustów. Bartłomiej Izbicki presented himself, a farmer, age thirty, living in Nowa Wieś, and he showed us a child of the male sex who was born in his house at number twenty-six on the second day of April of the current year, stating that it was begotten of him and Katarzyna née Kramniczówna, age thirty-two, the wife by his first marriage, and that it is his wish to give it the name Maryanna. After making the above statement and showing the child in the presence of Wawrzeniec Stronowski, age thirty and also of Ignacy Krasnowski, age forty, farmers settled and living in Nowa Wieś in the Wigry gmina. The present birth record was read aloud to the declarants and was signed by us, the registrar, since the father and witnesses cannot write.
Reverend Felix Nacieszewicz
Registrar of the Civil State.
This record reports the birth of a child of Maryanna, the daughter of Barłomiej Izbicki and Katarzyna Kramniczówna. The priest who completed the record apparently wasn’t paying attention to what he was writing, since he declared that Maryanna was a child of the male sex: dziecię płci Męskiej.
The ages of the parents are probably approximations, because in 1821, the father was reported to be 30, but in 1824, he was reported to be 38 – he became 8 years older in just 3 years! The mother’s age is equally questionable. In 1821, she was reportedly 32, but in 1835, she was reported to be 30 – the mother became younger with time! The births of the parents occurred before 1808, the earliest date for which these parish records were microfilmed. I’ll probably never know when they were actually born.
This is the last of the records for the Izbicki family that I found while in Salt Lake City recently. I’ll either have to order films through my local Family History Library or wait until my fall trip to Salt Lake City if I want to find more records.
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The Birth and Baptism of Franciszek Izbicki
Over the past couple of days, I posted the Birth and Baptismal Record of Dominik Izbicki and Piotr Izbicki. Their father was Franciszek Izbicki, who was born in 1824 and whose record was number 22 in the Birth Register for Wigry Parish that year.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Franciszek Izbicki -1824
SOURCE: Roman Catholic Parish of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in Wigry, Poland. Księga Urodzonych (Book of Births). 1824. Entry Number 22. FHL INTL Film 0752637, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Text in Polish, translated by Stephen J. Danko.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Franciszek Izbicki -1824. The record, translated from the Polish, states:
22 Nowa Wieś
In the year one thousand twenty four on the second day of the month of April at ten o’clock in the afternoon, before us, the Civil Registrar of the Wigierski gmina [township] in the obwód [district] and województwo [province] of Augustów. Bartłomiej Izbicki presented himself, a farmer, age thirty-eight, living in Nowa Wieś, and he showed us a child of the male sex who was born in his house at number seven on the first day of April of the current year, stating that it was begotten of him and Katarzyna née Kramnitzówna, age thirty, the wife by his first marriage, and that it is his wish to give him the name Franciszek. After making the above statement and showing the child in the presence of Franciszek Jarasiewski, age thirty-four and also of Jan Anuskiewicz, age fifty, farmers living in Nowa Wieś in the Wigierski gmina. The present birth record was read aloud to the declarants and was signed by us, the registrar, since the father and witnesses cannot write .
Reverend Felix Nareszewicz
Registrar of the Civil State
The format of this record is a bit different than the format used for the Birth and Baptismal Records for Dominik and Piotr Izbicki and many of the other Birth and Baptismal Records I’ve seen before from this area of Poland . Consequently, I had a bit of difficulty translating this record. In the end, I think I was able to figure out all the words, despite the fact that the handwriting in this record is fairly difficult to read.
Complicating the difficult handwriting are the facts that the Polish in these records doesn’t always have the correct diacritical marks, is almost entirely devoid of punctuation, sometimes uses archaic words or spellings, and often refers to obsolete administrative divisions.
One point I had a question about is: since the mother is listed as “Katarzyna of the Kramnitz family”, should I list her maiden name as Kramnitzówna?
I also noticed that the name of the village in which Franciszek Izbicki was born is listed at the top of the record as Wies Nowa. Today, the village is called Nowa Wieś. Which should I enter in my genealogy software – Wies Nowa or Nowa Wieś?
Two dates are provided in this record for the date of birth and date of baptism. The earlier date is entered according to the Julian Calendar used in Russia at the time. The later date is entered according to the Gregorian Calendar used in Poland at the time and still used today in most of the world.
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The Birth and Baptism of Piotr Izbicki
Dominik Izbicki’s brother, Piotr, was born in Piertanie in 1851. His birth and baptism was recorded as entry number 90 for that year.
The Birth and Baptismal Record of Piotr Izbicki
SOURCE: Roman Catholic Parish of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in Wigry, Poland. Księga Urodzonych (Book of Births). 1851. Entry Number 90. FHL INTL Film 0752640, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Text in Polish, translated by Stephen J. Danko.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the Birth and Baptismal Record of Piotr Izbicki. The record, translated from the Polish, states:
90. Piertanie
This happened in the Wigry on the seventeenth / twenty ninth day of June 1851 at five o’clock in the afternoon . Franciszek Izbicki presented himself, a farmer living in Piertanie, age 27, in the presence of Antoni Omilianowicz, age 25, and Karol Daniłowicz age 40, both farmers living in Piertanie, and he showed us a male child born in Piertanie on the eighth / twentieth day of the present month and year at twelve o’clock noon, born to his wife Franciszka née Bućko, age 25 . At Holy Baptism performed this day, the child was given the name Piotr, and his Godparents were Marcin Kielch and Rozalia Krupińska. Also present were Antoni Omilianowicz and Dorota Buchowna . This document was read aloud to the declarants and witnesses, all of whom cannot write, and was signed by us. –
Reverend W. Olszewski, priest in Wigry parish
The records kept in Poland before 1918 differed depending on the partition. The records kept in the Russian partition were kept in Latin, Polish, or Russian, depending on the year. Before 1808, records were written in Latin in brief paragraphs. From about 1808 to about 1868, the records were usually written in Polish in detailed paragraphs. After about 1868, the records were written in Russian, again in detailed paragraphs. The reasons for these changes are tightly associated with the political events in the region.
The exact year in which the churches began to maintain records of births/baptisms, marriages, and deaths varied somewhat, but the records were kept in Latin – the language of the Church, and typically these records were maintained for all Poles beginning in the late 18th century.
In 1807, after Napoleon’s conquests formed the Duchy of Warsaw from lands seized from Prussia, civil registration was mandated . Both church records and the transcripts of those records prepared for the state were written in Polish according to the format used in Napoleonic France.
After Napoleon’s defeat, the Congress of Vienna split the Duchy of Warsaw between Prussia and Russia. The portion allotted to Russia became known as the Kingdom of Poland, Congress Poland, or informally as Russian Poland. Records continued in Polish in the Napoleonic style.
After the January Uprising, which lasted from 1863-1865, the Russian government decreed that all official records in the Kingdom of Poland be maintained in Russian. Consequently, by about 1868, the birth/baptism, marriage, and death records were written in Russian. The exact year of the change from Polish to Russian varied somewhat from parish to parish, but eventually all parishes kept their records in Russian.
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