Category Archives: Daily Journal

The Duchy of Warsaw 1807-1815

The War of the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon’s French Empire ended with the Treaties of Tilsit, the first signed on 07 July 1907 between the French Empire and Imperial Russia, and the second signed on 09 July 1807 between the … Continue reading

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Administrative Structure of the Płonśk Powiat

The following parishes were part of the Płonsk Powiat at the beginning of the 20th Century: Baboszewo, Chociszewo, Cieksyn, Czerwińsk, Dziektarzewo, Gralewo, Grodziec, Gromadzyn, Gumino, Joniec, Kamienica, Kolonia Aleksandryjska, Kroczewo, Królewo, Krysk, Kucice, Naruszewo, Nowe Miasto, Płonśk, Pomiechówek, Pomiechowo, Radzikowo, … Continue reading

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The Prussian Partition of Poland 1772-1807

In 1657, the Treaty of Bromberg and the Treaty of Wehlau had given full sovereignity to the Duchy of Prussia, which had formerly been a fief of the Crown of Poland. On 18 January 1771, Frederick III, elector of Brandenburg, … Continue reading

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Administrative Structure of the Congress Kingdom of Poland 1815-1844

After the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, a group of ambassadors from Europe met in Vienna in May 1814 to settle the borders of the European states. The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna was signed on 09 June 1815 … Continue reading

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Administrative Structure of the Błonie Powiat

The following parishes were part of the Błonie Powiat at th beginning of the 20th Century:  Błonie, Brwinów, Izdebno, Grodzisk, Kaski, Leszno, Mszczonów, Nadarzyn, Ojrzanów, Osuchów, Radziejowice, Rokitno, Skuły, Wiskitki, Żuków, and Żyrardów belonged to the Błonie Powiat at the … Continue reading

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Describing Historical Place Names in Québec

As with most parts of the world, the borders and place names used in Québec have changed over the centuries. 1535-1763:  Village, Colony of Canada, New France 07 Oct 1763-1791:  Village, Province of Québec, British America 26 Dec 1791-1841:  Village, … Continue reading

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Administrative Structure of the Parishes of the Suwałki Powiat

The following parishes were part of the Suwałki Powiat at the beginning of the 20th Century:  Bakałarzewo, Chmielówka, Czostków, Filipów, Głęboki Rów, Huta, Jeleniewo, Kaletnik, Kuków, Leszczewo, Przerośl, Puńsk, Suwałki, Wigry, Wiżajny, and Zaboryszki. The administrative structure of the parishes of Bakałarzewo, Czostków, Filipów, Kaletnik, … Continue reading

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The Cable Car to Sugarloaf

Sugarloaf is an iconic peak bordering Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro. To get to the top of Sugarloaf, tourists must take two cable cars, the first from the station at Praia Vermelha (Red Beach), and the second from the … Continue reading

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Wildlife at Sugarloaf

Sugarloaf Mountain is one of the iconic sights in Rio de Janeiro. While the day continued to be overcast and the views from Sugarloaf were less than ideal, there was wildlife to be seen, including the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), … Continue reading

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Copacabana Beach

Caricocas (natives of Rio de Janeiro) love their beaches, and the beaches at Copacabana and Ipanema are among the most famous beaches in the world. The one day I had to explore Rio’s beaches was overcast with a sky threatening … Continue reading

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