The Dictionary of Polish Place Names (Nazwy Miejscowe Polski) explains the origin of place names in Poland and details how the place name changed over time.
Volume XI of Nazwy Miejscowe Polski lists one place called Rostki-Kaptury. This entry is for a village currently in the Masovian Voivodeship and which belongs to the Szelków parish. Today, the village of Rostki-Kaptury is known simply as Kaptury.
Nazwy Miejscowe Polski indicates that Rostki-Kaptury was in the Szelków Gmina, Ostrołęka Voivodeship in the years 1975-1998, and is 11 kilometers southeast of Ostrów Mazowiecka. Mentions of the village include “Dux donated to Thoma, Derslao and Mroczeslao, heirs of Rosthky, 10 manses on the Orzic river near Maków, around the Rzwyen forest” in (1414–25) 1456, from Kaptury in (1565), Rosthki Kapturi in 1582, Rostki Kaptury in 1783–84, Rostki kapłuzy (!) in 1827, Rostki Kaptury in 1888, Rostki-Kaptury, -tek-tur, kapturowski in 1971, Rostki-Kaptury, -tek-tur in 1982, and after the name change Kaptury, -tur, kapturski in 1996.
The name Rostki is a repetition of the name Rostki (a village 8.5 kilometers northwest of Nasielsk). The element Kaptury comes from the name of a settlement Kaptur, in the plural form.
Source: Rymut, Kazimierz, Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch, and Urszula Bijak, eds., Nazwy Miejscowe Polski (Place Names of Poland) – Krakow 2005, Volume XI, page 90.
Click the link for a PDF copy of the Nazwy Miejscowe Polski entry for Rostki-Kaptury. Translated rom the Polish, the entry reads:
Rostki-Kaptury, today Kaptury, a village in the Ostrołęka district, Szelków commune, 11 km southeast of Ostrów Mazowiecka: Dux donated to Thoma, Derslao and Mroczeslao, heirs of Rosthky, 10 manses on the Orzic river near Maków, around the Rzwyen forest (1414–25) 1456 SHGMz(MK 3, 100); from Kaptury (1565) Lumaz II 134; Rosthki Kapturi 1582 ŹDz XVI 392; Rostki Kaptury 1783–84 RejKor 516; Rostki kapłuzy (!) 1827 Tabella II 142; Rostki Kaptury 1888 SG IX 796; Rostki-Kaptury, -tek-tur, kapturowski 1971 UN 129, 47; Rostki-Kaptury, -tek-tur 1982 WUN III 141; after the change Kaptury, -tur, kapturski 1996 MPol no. 21, item 245. — The name Rostki is a repetition of the name Rostki (1). The element Kaptury comes from the personal name Kaptur RymSEN I 376, in the plural form Urszula Bijak
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