In 1920, Adam Bonislawski was living in Worcester, Massachusetts with his family at the same address at which they were enumerated in 1910.
1920 US Federal Census Record for Adam Bonislawski
SOURCE: 1920 U.S. Census, Worcester County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Worcester City, Ward 1, enumeration district (ED) 341, sheet 8-A, dwelling 143, family not provided, Adam Bonislawski; digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 18 October 2007); citing National Archives microfilm publication T625, roll 749.
The source citation above complies with the recommendations in Mills, Elizabeth Shown. 2007. Evidence explained citing history sources from artifacts to cyberspace. Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co.
Click on the link for a PDF copy of the 1920 US Federal Census Record for Adam Bonislawski . The record provides information that:
- In 1920, Adam Bonislawski was a married white male, 54 years old.
- He and his parents were born in Poland and their native tongue was Polish. He could read and write and speak English.
- He owned his house, which was mortgaged.
- He immigrated in 1895. The census shows he had filed first papers for citizenship and was naturalized in 1919.
- He worked for wages as a sweeper in a shop.
- Petronela, his wife, was a married white female, 52 years old.
- She and her parents were born in Poland and their native tongue was Polish. She could read and write and speak English.
- She immigrated in 1898. The census shows that she was an alien naturalized in 1919.
- She did not work outside the home.
- Daughters were Mary age 18, Helen age 16, Jennie age 14, and Florence age 10, all born in Massachusetts.
- All the daughters were single, white females who could read and write and speak English.
- Mary, Helen, and Jennie were not attending school. They all worked as Valentine designers.
- Florence attended school in 1920; she did not work.
Note that Adam and Petronela were shown to be naturalized in 1919. This does not agree with the statements that Adam had only filed his first papers and Petronela was an alien. Nonetheless, since Adam filed first papers, those papers should be available and should show the name of the Polish village where he, his wife, and three eldest children were born.
Even though Mary, Helen, and Jennie were between the ages of 14 and 18, none of them attended school.
Copyright © 2007 by Stephen J. Danko
“Even though Mary, Helen, and Jennie were between the ages of 14 and 18, none of them attended school.” I believe that at that time, an eighth grade education was considered a sufficient and complete education for persons not intending to pursue a profession. These ladies remind me of my Frisian-Dutch first-generation American ancestors and their sisters, who worked in a cigar factory in Grand Rapids, Michigan as young women.
Steve, any idea of what a Valentine designer is?
I would think — someone who designs valentines.